Change In Sports From Amateurs To Professionals Sport Essay

Change In Sports From Amateurs To Professionals Sport Essay Amateur sports are sports where participants are entirely engaged without any form of remuneration. This kind of sport was seriously guarded in the 19th century by the rich people though in the 20th century it was faced-out as a result of continued growth in professional sport. Currently amateur sports are held by a few organizations that govern sports. Professional sports developed in the 19th century, this was spear headed by the US and the United Kingdom. By then sporting culture was strong in the institutions of learning for example colleges and universities[1]. As a result, middle class and upper class men who were students at these institutions played as amateurs. People who were working were limited in participating in the games due to there busy schedule though ones in a while they could be given an afternoon-off in order for them to take part in the sport that was then available. When professional teams started to emerge some clubs could willingly pay players in order for them to take some time off there profession and take part in sports. This served as an incentive to increase the number of attendances and also it made players to fully concentrate on their sport. This provided a good opportunity for the people who were against amateur sport to flourish and expand. The influence of money and its effect on sport brought the change in sports from amateurs to professional since it was in the main interest of professional to give the highest possible amount per unit of performance (Gallagher et al 1997, 71). The upper class and middle class men who dominated this sport had a theoretical preference as well as a self interest in preventing the sport from being professionalized[2]. As a result this threatened the participation of the working class in the sport who did not understand why they should not be paid for taking part in the sport. This led to competing interests between the two involved parties since we had a group that wanted sports to be open for all while the amateurs feared that professionalism would destroy the Corinth spirit. The conflict between the two parties lasted for about a century during which sports like golf took it relatively easy and tolerated the competition between the two while others were traumatized by the happenings and they therefore helped the preceding generations to come in terms with professionalism (Wilson 1994, 379). The Olympics of the 19th century In the early 19th century and 20th century Olympics restricted participation to only amateur players since the amateur code had been strictly enforced. For instance track and field medals were stripped off from Jim Thorpe for taking expense money from baseball that he played in the year 1912. Afterwards Olympians from western countries who were successful began to accept endorsement contracts from organizations and people who were willing to sponsor them. Complex rules were also put in place to ensure that funds received were channeled to trust funds rather than being given to the athletes. At the same time nations that belonged to Communist bloc joined the Olympians team that mainly comprised soldiers and students who were being paid by the government to train full time. The retirement of the International Olympic committee (IOC) president in the year 1972 led to the relaxation of the amateur rules in many areas. In the US the Amateur Sports Act of 1978 prohibited national governing bodies from imposing strict rules on standards of amateur than required by the International governing bodies dealing with respective sports. In the year 1990 there was an abandonment of the Olympic regulations which regarded amateur with an exception in sports like boxing were participation rules required amateur status for participants safety (Dunning 1999, 118). Professional sports are sports where athletes receive payment for there participation and performance. This kind of sport has been promoted by several developments i.e. mass media and increased leisure by people which has lead to large audiences thus commanding large incomes. As a result people involved in sports have made it there primary career hence devoting there time on training in order to sharpen there skills, experience and physical condition. The proficiency led popularization of sports[3]. Benefits of a successful team to the city and sponsors. Successful team popularizes the city in which they are located in other words we can say it sells the city to the world. And as a result investors are attracted to that place making the place to rapidly develop. For example Rochester city in the United States is the 3rd most popular city and it has become a centre for a large metropolitan area. Sponsors drive the goals of a team which include promotion of safety and services to communities dominated by there employees. As a result the morale of sponsors employees is boosted due to direct connection to positive changes occurring in the community at large. Sponsors are able to enjoy visibility through the daily services offered by the teams they sponsor[4]. Some of the benefits of team sponsor partnership include; players wearing sponsors logo on there t-shirts and this reveals sponsors commitment to the community. There is also promotion of corporate commitment to the community and when the team is being recognized the links of the sponsor company will be included and as a result the company is popularized. Influence of politics on sports decisions. There is also increased corporate recognition since there will be opportunities for the media to highlight the corporate community investment. These increase the sponsors company visibility by the politicians and the community leaders at large. Net work opportunities with the corporate world, community and public officials are provided. Sometime the team may visit the sponsors office in need of training and this in turn gives his employees an opportunity to plan and facilitate sessions meant for building the corporate members. Media plays a very important role in government development since people get access to the politics and other forms of entertainment. For a very long time the media still remains the leading source of political communication. All functions performed by the media are influenced by political insinuations. For example entertainment, news reporting, socializing new generations, airing of political forum as well as profit making. Its influence is very rampant during political campaigns since coverage of a single event may turn out to be most significant in putting an opponent down. And since people have there own formed ideas when viewing television and other media sources there is selective attention which is created and as a result viewers tend to pay much attention to information that agree with there own opinions. And since the media is very effective on politicians who do not have a stable political opinion on all issues its very easy for the decisions of sports to be influenced by the happenings in politics. In politics and sports power, prestige and profits motivate the people involved[5]. The media reports the preceding in both politics and sports for political purposes. Sports are regulated by political establishment in order to ensure equal opportunities, justice, legal authority and personal attention. As a result the relationship existing between sports and politics reflects the changing pattern of values and cultural practices. In the Olympics the formal rules that governed the competitors were formulated by politicians who were very eager to offer an entertainment that would be popular (Allison 1986, 63). Economic and cultural aspect of sports Sport has been used and its still being used to raise income, this can be referred to as sport commoditization. Commercialization of sport is not considered as cultural but rather out of the necessity due to economic circumstances. In the colonial time sports were unstructured, spontaneous activities which were coordinated and organized by the participants. This is not the case at the moment since sports are being well organized in order to attract many people from all spheres of the world with different financial status in order to raise a lot of money. At the moment professional sport has grown rapidly and it has become a booming business. Athletes, support personnel and sport team owners have benefited handsomely from sport fans who pay to watch there games and also purchase commodities endorsed by them (Staudohar et al 1991, 264). Influence of Italian government on sports. The kind of sport being played in a place is determined by the peoples practice or rather culture. The culture of the people influences the kind of sport they engage in. for example the ancient Olympic Games were religious festivals that commenced with procession along the sacred highway. Therefore culture has a great part in the development of a sport. The Italian government influenced the transition process by sponsoring players to train in order to gain the needed skills and this helped the sport to move from amateur to professional. Govern sponsorship, and partnership with organizing bodies facilitated the growth of sports from amateur to professional sports. Work Cited. Paul D. Staudohar, J. A. Mangan. The Business of Professional Sports. USA: University of Illinois Press, 1991. Rosemarie Gallagher, Sally Fountain Linda Gee. Physical Education through Diagrams. USA: Oxford University Press, 1997. Eric Dunning. Sport Matters: Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence, and Civilization. 11 New Fetter Lane, London: Taylor Francis, 1999. Lincoln Allison. The Politics of Sport.Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press ND, 1986. John Wilson. Playing by the Rules. Michigan, USA: Wayne State University Press, 1994. [1] The students in the various institutions had developed a culture of taking part in sport within there colleges. [2] The rich and men who were relatively or averagely rich dominated the original amateur sport. [3] The effectiveness and excellence of the players was as a result of there commitment for training and there full attention during the sport. [4] The visibility of the sponsors came about as a result of the playing and participation of the teams they supported in community development. [5] The parties involved in politics and sports are players and politicians who had the same ambitions and also shared same benefits.

Boston Massacre Propaganda

The events of March 5, 1770, dubbed as â€Å"The Boston Massacre†, was a tragedy in which 5 Bostonian civilians lost their lives at the hands of British Redcoats. Although the Redcoats, terribly at fault, shot into the masses, the rebellious Bostonians played a role in the shooting as well. Although they were quite justified in doing so, the townspeople of Boston severely over exaggerated the events of that day in order to gain public sympathy and pit more colonists against the British regime. Within three weeks of the event in March 1770, an engraving by Paul Revere began circulating throughout the colony. His depiction of the shooting contained not a clash of brawlers, but instead innocent citizens, whom the British had no foreseeable reason to shoot at. Revere's intention was to convince viewers of the indisputable justice of the colonial cause. The public, enraged over the killings, began joining the Separatist cause, and revolts became very frequent. Revere's engraving, however, was mere propaganda used to oppose the British, for his depiction did not correctly display the unfolding of events. The British shot, not at innocent civilians posing no threat, but at rebellious colonists, many of whom were taunting the soldiers and throwing snowballs and rocks in their vicinity. Although the outrageous behavior of the Bostonians bore no reason for the Redcoats to open fire, it certainly changes the complexity of the situation. Both sides were in some degree to blame for the mass shooting. In an interview printed by the Nova Scotia Chronicle following the shooting, an anonymous Bostonian recounted the events of the aforesaid day. His account of the situation, while correct in many senses, was aimed to gain public sympathy for the townspeople of Boston. He claims that â€Å"the [British] soldiery aimed to draw and provoke the townsmen† in order to â€Å"make use of†¦ weapons† (Nova Scotia Chronicle 1). The colonist essentially claims that the Redcoats are guilty of premeditated murder, contradicting previous reports of the event. Multiple sources, from either side of the conflict, reported that the townspeople, many of whom were drunken, wielded clubs, and some even went as far as to attack sentry towers in the area. Angered over the recent death of a ten-year-old boy, shot during a protest against a merchant who had defied the colonial boycott of British goods, colonists felt that the Redcoats were to blame and that they deserved this treatment. The soldiers, uneasy and provoked by the mob, heard someone yell â€Å"fire†, and believing the voice to be that of their commander, shot into the jeering crowd. The article depicts the colonists affected by this event as harmless and innocent, displaying the article's inability to print the entire story. In this regard, the colonists used The Boston Massacre to encourage the spread of outrage among the colonies against the British. The Boston Massacre still stands today as one of the most tragic events in United States history. However, in the subsequent weeks and months, reports and depictions of the event were, for the most part, one-sided, in favor of the colonists. The colonists used The Boston Massacre in a multitude of ways to gain public sympathy and spread anger directed toward the British all across the American colonies.

Historical Report on Race

They were sold into slavery where they were considered property, had o rights, past down to the next generation, and etc. (Schaefer p. 177). Slaves had to follow many different codes and it shows how badly African Americans have suffered over the years. Slaves were controlled by fear and intimidation. When slaves did not follow the codes they were punished in many different ways. For example: whipped, beaten, imprisoned, hung, or etc. On top of that women also had to deal with rape and there was nothing they could do about it.In 1865 slavery was dismissed throughout the United States (Schaefer p. 180). Since then African Americans have experienced many other hardships. For example: discrimination, segregation, hatred, racism, and etc. It has not by any means been an easy going ride for African Americans. There have been many different political, social, and cultural issues or concerns throughout America's history, because of the color of their skin. There has been discrimination towa rds African Americans and has hindered them from performing the best that they can.There was laws created to help support oppression of African Americans. As time went by laws were passed to help Stop discrimination with the help of African Americans standing up against the discrimination that they were dealing with. For example: â€Å"in 1 955, a black seamstress Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama, city bus† (History 2014). This brought around a citywide boycott that helped put a stop to segregation. There are many organizations that have come about to help voice ways of preventing discrimination.For example: in 1942, James Farmer organized an organization called Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). Core was created and to help end discriminatory policies through direct-action projects (Congress of Racial Equality 2014). These organizations helped start the beginning of the end of coordination, segregation, slavery, De cure segregat ion, and etc. Legislation meant to constrain race with prejudicial boundaries that enacted. For example: Jim Crow Laws or De cure segregation. Jim Crow laws were created to separate the whites and blacks.They were set in place to supposedly treat blacks as separates but equal (Schaefer p. 180). It separated the whites and blacks in many different ways. Blacks were not allowed to eat in the same restaurant, use the same bathrooms, stay in the same hotels, or go to the same schools. While they were enslaved there were slave codes that they had to follow. For example: they were not allowed to gamble, they had curfews, they could not own property, they could not marry, they could not have a weapon, or etc. (Schaefer p. 177).The united States made it very difficult for African Americans to become who they are in today's society. African Americans fought legislation in many different ways. They boycotted, ran away, or etc. , just to get away from the laws or to try and end the rules. Alth ough African Americans were beaten or arrested they still continued to stand their grounds to get what they deserved. The government also put into place a restrictive covenant. Racially restrictive covenants played a major role in contributing to residential segregation† (Ramose 1995). This covenant helped keep blacks from living in white neighborhoods.African Americans fought the system to overturn the covenant and to be able to live where ever they wanted. In 1963 President Lincoln put Emancipation Proclamation into effect. â€Å"Emancipation Proclamation freed all people that were held as slaves, but only was meant for the states that were involved in the Confederacy† (Schaefer p. 180). The thirteenth amendment stopped slavery all together, in every state. There have been many laws created to help stop discrimination wrought the United Stated. Not only for African Americans but also for other minorities. Historical Report on Race Krista Hanna Eth/125 Mr. Lew 18 February 2013 Historical Report on Race *I am writing as a Native American, a letter to my friend of a different culture. Dear Molly, I am writing in response to the letter you sent me, to answer questions and expand your knowledge about the Native American culture. First off let me start by saying that life wasn’t always grand for me. As a Native American, we learned to adopt our own way of live. We lived off reservations, and lived a more traditional way of life.A life that we thought was best for us and our kids to grow up in. We produced our own food, shelter and weapons and provided for ourselves in the most natural way possible. It wasn’t always easy though, and others seen more value out of our land and resources than us. I was forced off my land and had to adapt to the new peoples way of life. That in which they called a white society; this society created many acts in my life time in order to weaken our society such as those of t he Allotment Act and the Reorganization Act (Schaefer, p. 47, 2012). People of my cultural lived on reservations, we had learned to separate ourselves and adopt our own way of life and government. Native Americans had created their own nation and it caused and has caused a lot of tension between us and the U. S. culture. As a Native American, we were all about live the traditional way of life. There was value to our land and the resources that we used and the white people wanted and did take it from us.It seemed as if we were constantly at war with the white people so that we could protect what we thought was rightfully ours. They had created an act known as the Indian Removal Act, which was passed in 1830 (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). This opened more land for settlement and allowed people to come in and take over our reservations (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). In 1946, Congress had created the Indian Claims Commission (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). This was a good thing for us, or so we thought . It meant that finally our voice was going to be heard.There were three members apart of the commission, and they were given a five year deadline, but there kept getting extension after extension, until; in 1978 the whole thing was abolished (Schaefer p. 155, 2012). At times, it seemed as if maybe the government was trying to help us, that or they were trying to use us. In 1952, the BIA began programs, so that they could relocate young Native Americans to Urban areas and by 1962 they had created what was called the Employment Assistance program; also known as the EAP (Schaefer, p 157, 2012).Basically there primary goal was to relocate us by offering us better jobs opportunities that, that of the reservation could not offer. But this plan had soon backfired on them. By 1965, one-fourth to one third of the people in the EAP had returned home to their reservations (Schaefer p. 157, 2012). Today, most of our land has been taken from us and no longer exist. Native Americans themselves a re not being treated as badly as we were back then, but it’s the culture and our name that continues to be insulted. Schools have such a thing as mascots, and they create names for them.They use those such as the â€Å"Braves† or â€Å"Redskins. † Those names have a meaning to the Native American culture, it tends to bring up the past for us, and though there intentions may not be that of insulting us, some of us don’t like it too much. It hasn’t always been easy for us, and at times I wanted to give up. But everything seems to turn out for the better. I’ve learned that every culture and person has their own way of living and when someone sees a greater value of that person’s living then they have to have it.Things don’t always have to be that way; people can come up with their own greater value of living. Remember, you don’t always have to have someone else’s greater value to have a greater value of your own. Mak e an even better living for yourself than trying to take someone else’s. I hope you learned well from this letter and I wish you the best. Your Friend! Resources: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Historical Report on Race Krista Hanna Eth/125 Mr. Lew 18 February 2013 Historical Report on Race *I am writing as a Native American, a letter to my friend of a different culture. Dear Molly, I am writing in response to the letter you sent me, to answer questions and expand your knowledge about the Native American culture. First off let me start by saying that life wasn’t always grand for me. As a Native American, we learned to adopt our own way of live. We lived off reservations, and lived a more traditional way of life.A life that we thought was best for us and our kids to grow up in. We produced our own food, shelter and weapons and provided for ourselves in the most natural way possible. It wasn’t always easy though, and others seen more value out of our land and resources than us. I was forced off my land and had to adapt to the new peoples way of life. That in which they called a white society; this society created many acts in my life time in order to weaken our society such as those of t he Allotment Act and the Reorganization Act (Schaefer, p. 47, 2012). People of my cultural lived on reservations, we had learned to separate ourselves and adopt our own way of life and government. Native Americans had created their own nation and it caused and has caused a lot of tension between us and the U. S. culture. As a Native American, we were all about live the traditional way of life. There was value to our land and the resources that we used and the white people wanted and did take it from us.It seemed as if we were constantly at war with the white people so that we could protect what we thought was rightfully ours. They had created an act known as the Indian Removal Act, which was passed in 1830 (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). This opened more land for settlement and allowed people to come in and take over our reservations (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). In 1946, Congress had created the Indian Claims Commission (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). This was a good thing for us, or so we thought . It meant that finally our voice was going to be heard.There were three members apart of the commission, and they were given a five year deadline, but there kept getting extension after extension, until; in 1978 the whole thing was abolished (Schaefer p. 155, 2012). At times, it seemed as if maybe the government was trying to help us, that or they were trying to use us. In 1952, the BIA began programs, so that they could relocate young Native Americans to Urban areas and by 1962 they had created what was called the Employment Assistance program; also known as the EAP (Schaefer, p 157, 2012).Basically there primary goal was to relocate us by offering us better jobs opportunities that, that of the reservation could not offer. But this plan had soon backfired on them. By 1965, one-fourth to one third of the people in the EAP had returned home to their reservations (Schaefer p. 157, 2012). Today, most of our land has been taken from us and no longer exist. Native Americans themselves a re not being treated as badly as we were back then, but it’s the culture and our name that continues to be insulted. Schools have such a thing as mascots, and they create names for them.They use those such as the â€Å"Braves† or â€Å"Redskins. † Those names have a meaning to the Native American culture, it tends to bring up the past for us, and though there intentions may not be that of insulting us, some of us don’t like it too much. It hasn’t always been easy for us, and at times I wanted to give up. But everything seems to turn out for the better. I’ve learned that every culture and person has their own way of living and when someone sees a greater value of that person’s living then they have to have it.Things don’t always have to be that way; people can come up with their own greater value of living. Remember, you don’t always have to have someone else’s greater value to have a greater value of your own. Mak e an even better living for yourself than trying to take someone else’s. I hope you learned well from this letter and I wish you the best. Your Friend! Resources: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Historical Report on Race Krista Hanna Eth/125 Mr. Lew 18 February 2013 Historical Report on Race *I am writing as a Native American, a letter to my friend of a different culture. Dear Molly, I am writing in response to the letter you sent me, to answer questions and expand your knowledge about the Native American culture. First off let me start by saying that life wasn’t always grand for me. As a Native American, we learned to adopt our own way of live. We lived off reservations, and lived a more traditional way of life.A life that we thought was best for us and our kids to grow up in. We produced our own food, shelter and weapons and provided for ourselves in the most natural way possible. It wasn’t always easy though, and others seen more value out of our land and resources than us. I was forced off my land and had to adapt to the new peoples way of life. That in which they called a white society; this society created many acts in my life time in order to weaken our society such as those of t he Allotment Act and the Reorganization Act (Schaefer, p. 47, 2012). People of my cultural lived on reservations, we had learned to separate ourselves and adopt our own way of life and government. Native Americans had created their own nation and it caused and has caused a lot of tension between us and the U. S. culture. As a Native American, we were all about live the traditional way of life. There was value to our land and the resources that we used and the white people wanted and did take it from us.It seemed as if we were constantly at war with the white people so that we could protect what we thought was rightfully ours. They had created an act known as the Indian Removal Act, which was passed in 1830 (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). This opened more land for settlement and allowed people to come in and take over our reservations (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). In 1946, Congress had created the Indian Claims Commission (Schaefer, p. 150, 2012). This was a good thing for us, or so we thought . It meant that finally our voice was going to be heard.There were three members apart of the commission, and they were given a five year deadline, but there kept getting extension after extension, until; in 1978 the whole thing was abolished (Schaefer p. 155, 2012). At times, it seemed as if maybe the government was trying to help us, that or they were trying to use us. In 1952, the BIA began programs, so that they could relocate young Native Americans to Urban areas and by 1962 they had created what was called the Employment Assistance program; also known as the EAP (Schaefer, p 157, 2012).Basically there primary goal was to relocate us by offering us better jobs opportunities that, that of the reservation could not offer. But this plan had soon backfired on them. By 1965, one-fourth to one third of the people in the EAP had returned home to their reservations (Schaefer p. 157, 2012). Today, most of our land has been taken from us and no longer exist. Native Americans themselves a re not being treated as badly as we were back then, but it’s the culture and our name that continues to be insulted. Schools have such a thing as mascots, and they create names for them.They use those such as the â€Å"Braves† or â€Å"Redskins. † Those names have a meaning to the Native American culture, it tends to bring up the past for us, and though there intentions may not be that of insulting us, some of us don’t like it too much. It hasn’t always been easy for us, and at times I wanted to give up. But everything seems to turn out for the better. I’ve learned that every culture and person has their own way of living and when someone sees a greater value of that person’s living then they have to have it.Things don’t always have to be that way; people can come up with their own greater value of living. Remember, you don’t always have to have someone else’s greater value to have a greater value of your own. Mak e an even better living for yourself than trying to take someone else’s. I hope you learned well from this letter and I wish you the best. Your Friend! Resources: Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Purpose of Evaluating Customer Service Policies - 26269 Words

Manual on Module II Introduction to Hospitality By Authors Mr Murray Mackenzie School of Hotel Tourism Management The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Dr Benny Chan Hong Kong Community College The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Consultant Mr Tony Tse School of Hotel Tourism Management The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Introduction to Hospitality Copyright  © The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region All rights reserved. The copyright of this manual belongs to the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Commercial use is strictly prohibited. Offenders will be liable to the legal responsibility. Schools need not apply for permission to copy this manual†¦show more content†¦15 2.2.3 Introduction to the Rooms Division .................................................................. 17 2.2.4 Front Office Operations ................................................................................... 17 2.2.4.1 Guest Cycle ...............................................................................................18 2.2.4.2 Front Office Department ............................................................................22 2.2.4.3 Types of Hotel Guest .................................................................................36 2.2.4.4 The Accommodation Product ....................................................................37 2.2.5 Housekeeping Operations ............................................................................... 41 2.2.5.1 2.2.5.2 In-room Guest Supplies and Amenities .....................................................49 2.2.5.3 Room Status Codes...................................................................................50 2.2.5.4 Types of Guest Requests ..........................................................................52 2.2.5.5 3 Housekeeping Department ........................................................................41 Security Procedures ..................................................................................55 Food and Beverage SectorShow MoreRelatedPurpose of Evaluating Customer Service Policies26276 Words   |  106 PagesSpecial Administrative Region. 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Essay on Strategic Management - 1145 Words

Summary In the domain of management, strategic management encompasses identification together with definition of strategies. Usually, managers employ these strategies to strive for high performance as well as competitive advantage for a business establishment. In this respect, strategic management draws higher profitability if well planned and executed. In addition to that, it includes decisions as well as acts managers set about, and which determines the outcome of the organization’s performance. Incisively, a science is whatever skill that manifests detailed use of facts for a particular purpose. Subsequently, art is clearly characterized as the skill critical for any human tasks. Not only is strategic management a behavioral science,†¦show more content†¦With reference to strategic management, the same principles exist. For instance, cause and effect relationship where lack of stability in authority and responsibility, leads to ineffectiveness. Second is examination of val idity as well as predictability of the subject under consideration. In essence, legality of scientific standards is proved at any convenience. It is important to note that, each test will give similar result. Furthermore, scientific management principles can also be examined for validity by use of standards like unity of command through comparison of two persons. Thirdly, generally accepted principles involve scientific standards which signify basic truth of a specific area of enquiry. Chiefly, these principles are relevant . In brief, strategic management encompasses some cardinal principles for instance the principle of unity, which are used worldwide. Finally, experimentation together with observation is involved which basically makes up thorough scientific look into a field under consideration. Similarly in strategic management, principles founded on scientific research accompanied with observation like the principles highlighted by Henry Fayol. A number of these principles are established by way of experiments as well as practical encounters of managers. From above arguments, it is undeniable that strategic management like other sciences has a well arranged body of knowledge even though it is not like that of other physicalShow MoreRelatedStrategic Management20602 Words   |  83 PagesHammond/Design Pics/Corbis Strategic Management Inputs Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness, 2 The External Environment: Opportunities, Threats, Industry Competition, and Competitor Analysis, 32 The Internal Organization: Resources, Capabilities, Core Competencies, and Competitive Advantages, 68 Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Studying this chapter should provide you with the strategic management knowledge needed to: 1. 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Explication Of Harlem s Dream Deferred - 912 Words

Explication of â€Å"Harlem [Dream Deferred]† â€Å"Harlem [Dream Deferred]† by Langston Hughes may seem like an insignificant poem at first glance. It contains only 11 lines and the diction is simple enough, but it is much more profound upon further exploration and understanding. Hughes applies the theme of frustration and use of metaphor, simile, and imagery to express the important issues of this time. The community of Harlem was primarily black, and this poem articulates the struggle of these people during the Civil Rights Movement. People of this time were left with injustice and their dreams were very much deferred. When people’s dreams are further postponed there can be terrible consequences. Hughes utilizes simple words to create a much more profound meaning. These words are easy to comprehend, but each word and each question symbolize the difficulty that comes with dreams that cannot be obtained due to unfortunate circumstances. The tone of this poem is serious, and almost nostalgic. The speaker asks what happens if dreams are postponed and presents some likely answers to this question. The speaker asks if these delayed dreams dry up like raisins or if they fester like sores, if they perish like meat or if they become crusty, like syrup left out too long. They even suggest that these postponed dreams burden like a heavy load. At the end of the poem, the speaker asks if dreams explode if they are delayed far too long. All of these questions incite feelings of uncertainty.Show MoreRelatedLangston Hughes: A Poet Supreme Essay1879 Words   |  8 Pagesa close textual reading of Hughess po etry and although a large body of critical work already exists, I would like to focus on one piece by Hughes to evidence my case for his stature. That piece is the multipart, book-lenght poem Montage of a Dream Deferred (1951). In Montage, which Hughes described in a letter to Arna Bontemps as what you might call a precedent shattering opus-also could be known as a tour de force, Hughes addresses a number of critical problems facing black poetry: (1) how

Working in Partnership

Question: Describe about the Essay for Working in Partnership? Answer: Introduction This report is primarily concerned with the Working in Partnership in the Health and Social Care. It is considered as the most effective and efficient way to deliver service to the service users. Service are already in vulnerable condition, so it is the sole responsibility of the caregivers and health professionals to provide them utmost care and superior level of service (Addicott, 2009). It is the embracing strategy for successful delivery of service. Employees in the health care organization should work as a team. In partnership working, two or more than two people are engaged with the common interest. While working in partnership, employees should have faith and trust on each other (Weinstein et al., 2013). Working in partnership is actually a shared responsibility with the intention of delivering superior level of quality service to the patients and family members of patients. Understand partnership philosophies and relationships in health and social care services Explain the philosophy of working in partnership in health and social care There are six different philosophies in the health and social care partnership working. These six philosophies are acknowledged and aspired as the ultimate philosophies for the health and social care. At first, in the health care sectors Autonomy is conceptualized where caregivers can take their own decision while giving service to the particular one (Carnwell, et al, 2009). They are the decision maker of the service user but recently due to the complexity of disease and complexity of treatment procedures, health care professionals have to take decision after consulting with the other service users. According to Soothill (2005), the philosophy of working in partnership in health and social care is based on set of values and beliefs. Caregivers have to learn how they should behave with the co-workers of the other organizations and agencies (Edwards, 2005). The procedures of working in partnership refer to the working with the other health care organizations or other healthcare agencie s to provide utmost support to the service users. Mutual supportive partnership develops with the service users. Due to the blessing of internet, people are getting aware of the treatment procedures, in short they become autonomous; so they have knowledge regarding their disease and they take decision based on their knowledge. Health care professionals or caregivers should not divert or confuse the employees, regarding the treatment procedures (Glasby Dickinson, 2008). Patients and family members of patients can able to make decision based on the findings and information. Before, the health care sector had full domain on the condition of the patients, they can manipulate the choices of patients but now they are unable to do so. Transparency in the health care setting helps to enhance the quality of service (Timor-Shlevin Krumer-Nevo, 2015). There are several philosophies, which are related to the working in partnership in health care setting, the philosophies are: Philosophy of empowerment: The meaning of empowerment is to share the power with someone who is lack in power. Power from the colleagues or from the external agencies will help the weaker person to improve his or her abilities. It is a process of enhancing the abilities of the people so that they can able to solve their own problems. This ability will help them to understand they even they have ability take decision and besides, this helps to enhance the self-confident. People start feeling that they can control the own problems and they have power to take own decision (Glasby Dickinson, 2009). If a caregiver can able to take decision for the company then the caregiver will definitely feel confident and this will enhance his or her satisfaction level. Philosophy of Independence: Independence facilities the individual to take their own decision; independence is the exact opposite of dependence. Independence is considered as the personal characteristics, ability, self-autonomy and control (Glasby Peck, 2004). Philosophy of Autonomy: If an individual tries to act on self-interest then the individual should have freedom. This individual freedom is known as the autonomy (Hunter Perkins, 2014). Personal autonomy is u7nderstood as the ability, which helps individual to change the resources and environment of the organization according to the self-interest. Philosophy of Respect Respect is the integral part of every organization; due to lack of respect people do not want to work even (Jelphs Dickinson, 2008). Main function of respect is to protect the individuality and autonomy of the service users. Service users are provided with all the necessary documents and details of the treatment procedures. Service users are asked to take their own decision. Healthcare professionals should respect the belief and values of the patients. Philosophy of Power-Sharing Every employee in the health care organization has certain goals and individual is entitled to accomplish the goal (Mackenzie, 2009). Collaborative partnership will help the employees to share the knowledge with the other so that they can understand the organizational goals. Philosophy of Informed Choices While taking any decision, people want to access the information easily. To take better decision for the welfare of the organization, it is necessary to collect quality information. Philosophies are not helping the people to teach them how they should behave with the co-workers and service users, philosophies are basically the framework for understand the ethical dilemmas (Manthorpe, 2008). In several situations, health care professionals have to face difficulties while taking the right decision, in that case, these philosophies help them to mitigate the risk in the setting and work mutually. Evaluate partnership relationships within health and social care services While working in the health care setting as the medical professional, it is the duty of the medical practitioners to behave well with everyone. Patients from different ages are coming to avail treatment like children, male, female and elderly person, all are in vulnerable condition. Support workers have to deal with them; patients come from different countries and communities so they medical practitioners have to deal with them fairly (Odle, 2008). Good partnership working facilitates in building strong and effective relationship with the co-workers and service users. Multi-disciplinary team is working in the organization and it is necessary to retain a good relation with all of them (Soni, 2014). In that case, communication is the best procedure. Working n partnership definitely has positive impact of the treatment procedures and the welfare of the patients so UK Governing Body is major step to implement the policy of working in partnerships (Snape Taylor, 2004). There are some constraints, which are working as hindrances like increase in population, high level of fiscal policy, high level of monetary policies, treatment awareness and changes in requirements of the vulnerable people, who are suffering from mental and physical needs. On the other hand, recently UK government has noticed that UK people are heavily suffering from the illness and low level of care. People from the poor and low class cannot afford medical treatment due to the increased price of the health care system ("Partnership in nursing care (PINC): the Blackburn model", 2001). Besides, professionals in the health care setting are incapable of recognizing the disease. They fail to identify the risk earlier; from the examples of several cases, it is clear that due to lack of preventive care people are suffering. From the report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust, the case of Victoria Climbie has gained medical attention for delivering poor service. This case is the perfect example of awful partnership in health care setting. This case is the consequence of low level of partnership among the employees, agencies and professionals. After this incident, UK government put emphasis on the importance of effecting partnership working so that health care organizations can deliver service that is more effective and provide support to the patients. Health care organizations should form strategic partnership with the NHS trust and other organizations in UK. In the case of the Victoria Climbie Case, she had died due to the negligence of doctors, social workers and staffs; even a police officer included in the negligence. There were failed to identify the mark of intentional harm on the body of Victoria. Even the lack of system was also responsible behind the death of the Victoria; the error in system failure cannot not be forgiven. The death of Toddler in Sheffield Childrens Hospital, UK is another example of careless attitude of the medical practitioners. Complete failure communication between was the prime reason behind the death of the two years boy. After vomiting blood, Tharun had sent for three endoscopies still the doctors could not able to identify the disease, Dr. Campbell discharged him from the hospital but after one day, he stated vomiting blood again. Many other doctors are stated that he could be safe after a life-saving operation but due to lack of collaboration between the surgeons and Gastro-enterologists, the child has to lose his life ("Boy, two, bled to death in hospital after a complete failure of communication between doctors, inquest hears", 2013). Conclusion From the above two case study, it is clear that communication and partnership in the health care organization play an integral role. In both case, victims are died due to failure of communication and partnership. Working is Partnership is formed with the aim of providing better service to the service users. A successful partnership can only be formed with the help of the effective communication among the professionals (Soothill, Mackay Webb, 2005). There are several benefits that can be derived from the Working in partnership and these benefits are for the both service users and service providers. References Addicott, R. (2009). Better Partnership Working Complete Set. Health Social Care In The Community, 17(5), 532-533. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2009.00883_3.x Boy, two, bled to death in hospital after a complete failure of communication between doctors, inquest hears. (2013). Mail Online. Retrieved 27 March 2016, from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2286012/Toddler-bleeds-death-complete-failure-communication-doctors.html Carnwell, R., Buchanan, J., Carnwell, R. (2009). Effective practice in health, social care and criminal justice. Maidenhead: McGraw Hill/Open University Press. Edwards, K. (2005). Partnership working in mental health care. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. Glasby, J., Dickinson, H. (2008). Partnership working in health and social care. Bristol [England]: Policy Press in association with Community Care. Glasby, J., Dickinson, H. (2009). International perspectives on health and social care. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell/CAIPE. Glasby, J., Dickinson, H. (2009). International perspectives on health and social care. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell/CAIPE. Glasby, J., Peck, E. (2004). Care trusts. Abingdon, U.K.: Radcliffe Medical Press. Hunter, D., Perkins, N. (2014). Partnership working in public health. Bristol: Policy Press. Jelphs, K., Dickinson, H. (2008). Working in teams. Bristol [England]: Policy Press in association with Community Care. Mackenzie, G. (2009). Effective Practice in Health, Social Care and Criminal Justice: A Partnership Approach. Health Social Care In The Community, 18(1), 115-116. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2009.00898_10.x Manthorpe, J. (2008). Partnership Working in Health and Social Care. Journal Of Interprofessional Care, 22(5), 560-561. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13561820802239355 Odle, K. (2008). In My Opinion...Partnership for Family-Centered Care: Reality or Fantasy?. Children's Health Care, 17(2), 85-86. https://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326888chc1702_4 Partnership in nursing care (PINC): the Blackburn model. (2001). Journal Of Child Health Care, 5(1), 35-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136749350100500106 Snape, S., Taylor, P. (2004). Partnerships Between Health and Local Government. Taylor Francis. Soni, H. (2014). Partnership Working in Health and Social Care Glasby Jon and Dickinson Helen Partnership Working in Health and Social Care128pp 9.99 Policy Press 9781447312819 1447312813. Nursing Management, 21(8), 12-12. https://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nm.21.8.12.s14 Soothill, K., Mackay, L., Webb, C. (2005). Interprofessional relations in health care. London: E. Arnold. Timor-Shlevin, S., Krumer-Nevo, M. (2015). Partnership-based practice with young people: relational dimensions of partnership in a therapeutic setting. Health Soc Care Community, n/a-n/a. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12227 Weinstein, L., LaNoue, M., Plumb, J., King, H., Stein, B., Tsemberis, S. (2013). A Primary Care-Public Health Partnership Addressing Homelessness, Serious Mental Illness, and Health Disparities. The Journal Of The American Board Of Family Medicine, 26(3), 279-287. https://dx.doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2013.03.120239